Planning and Controlling Purchases and Materials Usage Essay

Planning and Controlling Purchases and Materials Usage - Essay Example Budgeting is an important tool adopted by the company for planning and controlling purchases and materials usage. Sales forecast is the basis for planning and budgeting after carefully considering various factors such as capacity available and product mix. Since inventory involves significant investment, keeping it at an optimum level is very important for controlling cost. Material requirement planning is carried out in line with the production schedule for the year. Importance of study Home appliances market is very competitive. The company’s products face stiff competition from the products imported from China and Japan. The company is under tremendous pressure to ensure quality of its products and make improvements to maintain its market share. The company focuses on ‘planning and controlling purchases and materials usage’ with a view to bring down the cost of production to make its products more competitive in the market. The main objective of inventory plann ing is to keep the investment low for reducing the interest cost. The inventory can be classified into three categories. 1. Raw materials 2. Components purchased for assembly 3. Finished products Purchase and production departments along with stores are responsible for planning and controlling of inventory of raw materials and components and the production department is responsible for planning and controlling of material usage. There are varieties of household appliances manufactured and marketed by the company. Since most of the appliances are electrically operated, quality of materials purchased is very important, keeping in view the safety of the customers. Timely supply of raw materials and components avoid disruptions in production schedule usually. Order size is decided based on factors such as price, usage and lead time required for supply of materials. The materials should be purchased without compromising quality of materials at the cheapest cost in line with the purchase policy of the organization. This requires product knowledge and negotiating skills on the part of purchase manager. Planning and control of purchases is closely relating to storing of raw materials and component part before issue to various production or assembly units of the organization. Inventory planning is therefore is an important aspect in planning and control of purchases in the organization. According to Michalski (2008) â€Å"The basic financial inventory management aim is holding the inventory to a minimally acceptable level in relation to its costs. Holding inventory means using capital to finance inventory and links with inventory storage, insurance, transport, obsolescence, wasting and spoilage costs.† Planning and control of usage of materials in production department depends upon the regular supply of materials by the stores department, efficiency in production by the workers and keeping generation of scrap at minimum level. At the same time, requirements as p er the production schedule and changes thereof for a week need to be informed in advance to the stores for closely monitoring the stock levels of various raw materials and components for making necessary requisition to purchase department for initiating purchase process. Though reorder levels are fixed for various materials, uncertainties in lead time and sudden demand for appliances should be informed to the purchase and

Robert William Pickton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Robert William Pickton - Essay Example It shall present the history of Pickton’s violent behavior tracing back through his childhood experiences, life experiences and his social interaction. It shall also provide a psychological explanation as to why a crime is committed and identify the root causes of human behavior in relation to social circumstances. Pickton’s demeanor and behavior shall be studied in connection with the biological positivism theory and mainstream criminology. Keywords: criminal mind, crimes, positivist theory, human behavior, biological perspective, mainstream criminology The Path to Crime: Developmental Theories â€Å"Developmental theories seek to identify, describe and understand the developmental factors that explain the onset and continuation of a criminal career. These theories not only want to know why people enter a criminal way of life, but also whether once they do, they are able to alter the trajectory of their criminal involvement. Developmental Theories fall into two distin ct groups. Latent Trait Theory and Life-Course Theory† (Siegal, 118). The Latent Trait Theory provides that the human behavior is controlled by a master trait, present at birth, or soon after. This theory adheres that the criminal behavior remains stable and unchanging throughout a person’s lifetime. Suspected latent traits include defective intelligence, impulsive personality, and lack of attachment characteristics that may be present at birth or established early in life and remain stable over time (Siegal, 118). This theory presents that the criminality of a person is inborn and developed over time. Such individual is a born criminal. On the other hand, Larry J. Siegal (2010, 119) has reported that: â€Å"The Life-Course Theory views criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits and social experiences. As people travel through the life-course, they are constantly bombarded by changing perceptions and experiences. T he criminals start their journey at different times. Some are precocious, beginning their criminal careers early and persisting into adulthood whereas others stay out of trouble in their early adolescence and do not violate the law until late in their teenage years. Early-onset, criminals seem to get involved in such behaviors as truancy, cruelty to animals, lying and theft. They appear to be more violent than other people their age. The course of social and developmental changes, through which an individual passes, as he or she travels from birth, through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and finally old age.† The life-course theory is applicable to Pickton because his criminality developed through the experiences he had in his lifetime. His traits and characteristics, and blended together with his social experience made him a hard-core criminal. Comparing him with his brother and sister who carry the same genetics, the two siblings did not transform into evil and demonic in dividuals like Robert. His lack of social interaction, isolation and living in the pig farm alone by himself created the horrible monster that he is. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual provides that Antisocial Personality Disorder or ASPD is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, violation of, the rights of others